from math import tau
import numpy as np
from kiva.api import CAP_ROUND, CIRCLE_MARKER, FILL, Font, STROKE
from kiva.image import GraphicsContext, CompiledPath
def draw_wire_with_components(gc, start, end, component_locations):
"""
Draws a straight, axis aligned, wire with gaps in it for components. This
function assumes the component locations are in order they are encountered
when moving from start to end.
Parameters
----------
gc : GraphicsContext
The Graphics context doing the drawing
start : 2-tuple
The start point of the wire
end : 2-tuple
The end point of the wire
component_locations : List of pairs of 2-tuple
The start and end points of the components in order encountered
"""
with gc:
gc.set_stroke_color((0., 0., 0., 1.))
gc.set_line_width(1.0)
gc.move_to(*start)
for comp_start, comp_end in component_locations:
gc.line_to(*comp_start)
gc.move_to(*comp_end)
gc.line_to(*end)
gc.stroke_path()
def draw_rect_wire_frame_with_components(gc, x, y, w, h, component_locations):
"""
Draws an axis aligned rectangle of wire with gaps in it for components.
component_locations is a list of pairs of points corresponding to the start
and end of a component. The function assumes the component locations are
in order they are encountered when moving clockwise around the rectangle
starting at the lower left corner.
Parameters
----------
gc : GraphicsContext
The Graphics context doing the drawing
x : int
The left X coordinate of the rectangle
y : int
The bottom Y coordinate of the rectangle
w : int
The width of the rectangle
h : int
The height of the rectangle
component_locations : List of pairs of 2-tuple
The start and end points of the components in order encountered
"""
left_comps = [
comp_loc for comp_loc in component_locations if comp_loc[0][0] == x
]
top_comps = [
comp_loc for comp_loc in component_locations if comp_loc[0][1] == y + h
]
right_comps =[
comp_loc for comp_loc in component_locations if comp_loc[0][0] == x + w
]
bottom_comps = [
comp_loc for comp_loc in component_locations if comp_loc[0][1] == y
]
draw_wire_with_components(gc, (x, y), (x, y + h), left_comps)
draw_wire_with_components(gc, (x, y + h), (x + w, y + h), top_comps)
draw_wire_with_components(gc, (x + w, y + h), (x + w, y), right_comps)
draw_wire_with_components(gc, (x + w, y), (x, y), bottom_comps)
def draw_wire_connections_at_points(gc, points):
"""
Draw wire connections at each of the given points. This function checks if
the graphics context implements optimized methods for doing so, and draws
using the most optimal approach available.
Parameters
----------
gc : GraphicsContext
The Graphics context doing the drawing
points : List of pairs of 2-tuple
The points where wire connections are to be drawn
"""
if hasattr(gc, 'draw_marker_at_points'):
gc.draw_marker_at_points(points, 4.0, CIRCLE_MARKER)
else:
wire_connection_path = CompiledPath()
wire_connection_path.move_to(0,0)
wire_connection_path.arc(0, 0, 4, 0, tau)
if hasattr(gc, 'draw_path_at_points'):
gc.draw_path_at_points(points, wire_connection_path, FILL)
else:
for point in points:
with gc:
gc.translate_ctm(point[0], point[1])
gc.add_path(wire_connection_path)
gc.fill_path()
def create_resistor_path():
"""
Creates a CompiledPath for a resistor which can then be re-used as needed.
Returns
-------
CompiledPath
The reistor compiled path
"""
resistor_path = CompiledPath()
resistor_path.move_to(0,0)
resistor_path_points = [(i*10+5, 10*(-1)**i) for i in range(8)]
for x, y in resistor_path_points:
resistor_path.line_to(x,y)
resistor_path.line_to(80, 0)
return resistor_path
def draw_resistors_at_points(gc, points, resistor_path):
"""
Draw a resistor at each of the given points. This function checks if
the graphics context implements an optimized method for doing so, and draws
using the most optimal approach available.
Parameters
----------
gc : GraphicsContext
The graphics context doing the drawing.
points : List of pairs of 2-tuple
The points where resistors are to be drawn
resistor_path : CompiledPath
The resistor path we wish to draw
"""
if hasattr(gc, 'draw_path_at_points'):
gc.draw_path_at_points(points, resistor_path, STROKE)
else:
for point in points:
with gc:
gc.translate_ctm(point[0], point[1])
gc.add_path(resistor_path)
gc.stroke_path()
def draw_meter(gc, location, color, text):
"""
Draws a meter of the given color, with the given text, at the given
location.
Parameters
----------
gc : GraphicsContext
The graphics context doing the drawing.
location : 2-tuple
The point where the meter is to be drawn
color : 3 or 4 component tuple (R, G, B[, A])
The color of the meter
text : str
The text to be placed in the center of the meter symbol
"""
font = Font('Times New Roman', size=20)
with gc:
gc.set_font(font)
gc.set_fill_color(color)
gc.set_line_width(3)
gc.translate_ctm(*location)
gc.arc(0, 0, 20, 0.0, tau)
gc.draw_path()
gc.set_fill_color((0., 0., 0., 1.0))
x, y, w, h = gc.get_text_extent(text)
gc.show_text_at_point(text, -w/2, -h/2)
def draw_switch(gc, location, angle):
"""
Draws a switch at given location. Assumes location is the connected side
of the switch, and angle assumes orientation facing directly accross the
switch.
Parameters
----------
gc : GraphicsContext
The graphics context doing the drawing.
location : 2-tuple
The point where the switch is to be drawn
angle : float
The angle of the switch
"""
with gc:
gc.translate_ctm(*location)
gc.rotate_ctm(angle)
gc.move_to(0, 0)
gc.line_to(30, 0)
gc.stroke_path()
def draw_battery(gc, location):
"""
Draws a battery at given location. Battery will extend down from the given
location.
Parameters
----------
gc : GraphicsContext
The graphics context doing the drawing.
location : 2-tuple
The point where the switch is to be drawn
"""
with gc:
gc.translate_ctm(*location)
gc.move_to(0, 0)
thin_starts = [(-20, 0), (-20, -18)]
thin_ends = [(20,0), (20, -18)]
gc.line_set(thin_starts, thin_ends)
gc.stroke_path()
thick_starts = [(-8, -10), (-8, -28)]
thick_ends = [(8, -10), (8, -28)]
gc.set_line_width(8)
gc.set_line_cap(CAP_ROUND)
gc.line_set(thick_starts, thick_ends)
gc.stroke_path()
if __name__ == "__main__":
gc = GraphicsContext((600, 300))
# step 1) Draw a skeleton of the circuit
component_locations = [
((260, 150), (340, 150)),
((550, 130), (550, 100)),
((550, 90), (550, 60)),
((430, 50), (350, 50)),
((230, 50), (150, 50))
]
draw_rect_wire_frame_with_components(
gc, 50, 50, 500, 100, component_locations
)
draw_rect_wire_frame_with_components(
gc, 200, 200, 200, 50, [((340, 200), (260, 200))]
)
draw_wire_with_components(gc, (200, 150), (200, 200), [])
draw_wire_with_components(gc, (400, 150), (400, 200), [])
# step 2) draw dots for wire connections
points = [(200, 150), (200, 200), (400, 150), (400, 200), (550, 130)]
draw_wire_connections_at_points(gc, points)
# step 3) Draw the meters
draw_meter(gc, (50, 100), (.9, .9, 0.5, 1.0), 'A') # Ammeter
draw_meter(gc, (300, 250), (0.5, .9, 0.5, 1.0), 'V') # Voltmeter
#step 4) Draw the resistors
resistor_path = create_resistor_path()
resistor_locations = [(150, 50), (350, 50), (260, 150), (260, 200)]
draw_resistors_at_points(gc, resistor_locations, resistor_path)
# step 6) Draw the switch
draw_switch(gc, (550,100), tau/6)
# step 7) Draw the battery
draw_battery(gc, (550,90))
gc.save("images/tutorial_advanced.png")
